Sample Graph
[Unit = USD/Tonnes]
Sample Graph
[Unit = USD/Tonnes]
Sample Graph
[Unit = USD/Tonnes]
Sample Graph
[Unit = USD/Tonnes]
Sample Graph
[Unit = USD/Tonnes]
Sample Graph
[Unit = INR/Tonnes]
For the Quarter Ending September 2023
North America
The third quarter of 2023 witnessed an upward price trend in the US coal market. In August and September, coal prices increased by 1.7% and 4.3% in the US market. This price escalation was attributed to a surge in demand, primarily driven by the downstream electricity sector and heightened international interest. Impressively, the United States has seen its coal exports reach their highest levels since 2018, showing an increase during the first nine months of 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. This substantial growth owes much to the robust demand emanating from crucial consumers such as China, India, and South Korea. The total US exports of coal earmarked for power generation surged to 22.5 million tonnes by the end of September, a noteworthy uptick from the 18.3 million tonnes recorded in the corresponding period last year. However, in the first month of this quarter, the price of coal decreased by around 6.5%. This decline was attributed to multiple factors, including a reduction in coal-fired power generation due to an abundant supply of coal within the domestic markets. The growth of clean energy alternatives, driven by environmental concerns, has notably contributed to the structural decline of coal usage in these regions.
Asia
The third quarter of 2023 witnessed an upward price trend in the Asian coal market. In July and August, coal prices increased by 5% and 19% in the Australian market. This escalation was attributed to the scarcity of products within the country, a consequence of intensified demand. The La Niña weather phenomenon has wreaked havoc across New South Wales, leading to considerable distress for coal operators in the region. Whitehaven, an Australian coal company, finds itself among the affected entities, having recently revised its production forecasts downward due to disruptions caused by floods and substantial rainfall. However, the price of the product declined by around 6% in the last month of this quarter. This decline can be attributed to relatively stable supply and weaker demand conditions, leading to a modest but discernible reduction in coal prices. However, it's crucial to note that there were potential upside risks associated with this trend, primarily stemming from unpredictable weather events and ongoing conflicts in the Black Sea region, which impacted global energy markets.
Europe
In the third quarter of 2023, the European market experienced a bullish market sentiment as the price of the product increased in the overseas market such as in the USA and South Africa. In the last two months of this quarter, prices increased in the region due to increasing demand from the downstream electricity sector and heightened international interest. The supply of the product was low in the region as a hurricane led several major parcel delivery companies to temporarily close their facilities during the storm's passage. Even after the storm had passed, these companies continued to experience delays and service disruptions, particularly in the affected areas of Florida and Georgia. These logistical challenges further exacerbated the supply issues in the European coal market. However, in the first month of this quarter, the price of coal decreased due to the ample availability of the product in the region. The supply of the product was not in the exporting countries as the La Niña weather phenomenon has wrought havoc across New South Wales, Australia, leading to considerable distress for coal operators in the region.
Middle East
During the third quarter of 2023, there was an upward price trend in the Middle East coal market. In August and September, the price of coal increased by 7% in the South African market. The demand for the product from overseas improved, while the supply was low; this high demand over low supply supported the price trend for the product. Additionally, The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is grappling with a severe energy crisis. Governments across the region have been struggling to ensure a consistent electricity supply, which is essential for economic growth and regional integration. Historically, the SADC region has faced difficulties in providing electricity to its population, particularly those in remote areas lacking basic infrastructure. Only about 50% of the SADC region has access to electricity, highlighting the urgent need for increased electrification efforts. Electricity outages, stemming from poorly maintained infrastructure and a slow transition to renewable energy sources, have exacerbated the energy crisis. These outages affect access to electricity and threaten to drive many further into poverty due to hindered economic growth. However, the price of the product decreased by around 6%. This drop was linked to various factors, including a decrease in the use of coal for generating power locally. This was due to having plenty of coal available within the country. The shift towards cleaner energy options, motivated by environmental considerations, has significantly contributed to the decreasing use of coal in South Africa. Moreover, Exxaro Resources, a major South African coal miner, reported a drop in both its production and sales due to lower local demand, while ongoing logistical issues with rail transportation continued to impede coal exports.
For the Quarter Ending June 2023
North America
In the second quarter of 2023, the US Coal market experienced a bearish trend. In both the first and last month of the quarter, Coal prices declined by approximately 8% and 5.5%, respectively. This price drop was primarily attributed to a surplus of brown Coal supply in the US market and a low demand from overseas. The ample availability of brown Coal led to downward pressure on prices. Moreover, the mining and exploration sector experienced a boost in activity during April and May 2023, which further contributed to the increased supply of Coal in the country. This surge in mining and exploration was seasonal, adding to the already abundant Coal supply. However, in May 2023, there was a slight recovery in US Coal prices as they increased 3.3% during this month. The stability of demand for Coal from overseas markets, coupled with high demand from the downstream steel and power production industries, contributed to this positive momentum. Notably, the summer season saw the highest point of US electricity generation from Coal, aligning with the peak demand for electricity driven by the need for air conditioning. Additionally, there was a smaller peak in winter when certain regions of the country relied on electric heating devices such as heat pumps, electric radiators, space heaters, and other equipment to warm buildings.
Asia
The second quarter of 2023 witnessed a downward price trend in the Asian Coal market. During the months of April, May, and June 2023, the price of Coal in Australia experienced a significant decline. Specifically, the price of Coal in Australia decreased by approximately 1.7%, 17.4%, and 13.6% in April, May, and June, respectively. This downward trend can be attributed to several factors. The decline in the price of Coal in Australia can be attributed to the improvement in the mining industry during this period. The ideal hot and dry weather conditions for mining operations, influenced by the El Niño effect, allowed for increased productivity in the Australian mining sector. As a result, the increased Coal supply led to a decrease in prices. Another significant factor that affected the Asian Coal market was the approval of a new Coal mine in Central Queensland, known as the Isaac River Coal Mine. The Australian government's approval of this mine further strengthened the supply of Coal in the Asian and global markets. The increased Coal production added to the bearish sentiment and contributed to the declining prices. Despite the decline in prices, the demand for Coal from Asian countries remained stable during the second quarter of 2023. However, the market experienced an oversupply situation as the supply of Coal was high. This oversupply and steady demand created a bearish trend in the Asian Coal market.
Europe
During the second quarter of 2023, the European Coal market faced a bearish trend primarily due to the availability of cheaper imported products from countries like Australia and Indonesia. Coal prices in Australia saw a decline of approximately 1.7%, 17%, and 13.6%, while in Indonesia, they decreased by around 6%, 22%, and 7%. This sudden drop in Coal prices resulted from an oversupply of Coal in comparison to the relatively stable demand. The energy industry in Europe was actively transitioning towards renewable energy sources to achieve carbon neutrality, which necessitated a significant reduction in Coal consumption. The oversupply of Coal in the global market and a stable demand contributed to this situation in Europe. Additionally, Seaborne thermal Coal prices in Asia reached their lowest point in two years due to weakened demand in Europe and declining prices of liquefied natural gas (LNG), despite strong demand in the primary importing region. The major grades of thermal Coal exported by top producers Indonesia and Australia continued to experience losses during this period.
Middle East
The South African Coal market faced a bearish market situation throughout the second quarter of 2023. This was primarily due to the abundant availability of Coal products both in the region and the international market. The prices of Coal experienced significant declines during this period, with decreases of approximately 4% in April, 22% in May, and 1% in June 2023 in the South African market. The market was further impacted by the challenges faced by the state-owned electricity company, which struggled with a fleet of dilapidated and non-operational Coal-fired power plants. These plants failed to generate sufficient power, resulting in scheduled blackouts across the country. To address this issue, the decision was made to close down a Coal-fired power plant and replace it with a solar, wind, and battery storage facility. One such transition was observed at the Komati Power Station in Middelburg, South Africa, in June 2023. This decline in demand from downstream power plants also contributed to the overall bearish trend during this quarter. As the quarter drew to a close, the price of Brown Coal FOB Richards Bay (South Africa) settled at approximately USD 99/MT.
For the Quarter Ending March 2023
North America
The first quarter of 2023 saw a decline in Coal prices on the American market. At the end of the quarter, the price for brown Coal FOB Norfolk (USA) was estimated to be USD 135/MT. However, the United States saw an 8% decrease in coal consumption in this quarter as a result of less pronounced natural gas price increases than in Europe. This made it more difficult for the United States to switch from Coal to gas for the purpose of producing electricity. In fact, the price of coal futures is considerably lower in 2023 than it was in 2022. However, further trade diversions could impede the decline in coal prices by raising transportation costs.
APAC
Coal prices in the Asia-Pacific region have drawn contradictory responses during Q1 2023 as a result of China's market experiencing a major increase in Coal supply despite low demand, which led to a decrease in pricing. Furthermore, the performance of the strong dollar put pressure on energy prices, lowering their value. Signals of diminishing worldwide fuel demand, which had a detrimental effect on Coal prices in the APAC market, were another indicator of the economic slump. The downstream chemical industries did not have much demand in the Chinese market. Prices dropped in the worldwide market, which affected how much-imported cargo would cost; in the Chinese market, the price of Thermal Coal Ex Shanghai (China) was assessed at USD 138/MT.
Europe
During the first quarter of 2023, Coal prices in the German market experienced conflicting sentiments as the product's supply increased as a result of an increase in imports from the Middle East. Another factor that impacted the German Coal market was a strike by workers at the Hamburg port and several protests in other European nations. Due to declining energy prices balancing increased upstream crude oil prices brought on by the sanctions against Russian imports, the European market had a moderate supply of Coal. Across EU nations, the decline in Coal was not consistent. The largest annual decline in coal consumption was recorded in Germany and Poland, but increases were also recorded in Italy, Finland, and Hungary.
