For the Quarter Ending June 2024
North America
In Q2 2024, the North American Penicillin G Sodium market experienced significant price increases, driven by a complex interplay of domestic and international factors. Overall, the quarter was characterized by persistent supply chain disruptions, heightened demand, and various economic pressures, all contributing to a robust upward price trend.
The United States market, in particular, witnessed the most pronounced price fluctuations within the region. The overall trend pointed toward a significant increase in Penicillin G Sodium prices, reflecting a combination of robust demand and constrained supply. Factors such as increasing conditions of antibacterial infections supported by weather changes, the downstream purchasings remained uplifted throughout the quarter. With the approach of the upcoming presidential election. This political event prompted importers to build up their inventories in anticipation of potential tariff changes, further intensifying demand pressures. Supporting this, domestically, the market faced substantial challenges in the form of supply chain bottlenecks. Container shortages and escalating freight rates emerged as primary concerns, exacerbated by congestion at key ports. These issues were further compounded by the rerouting of shipping routes around the Cape of Good Hope, extending transit times and inflating import costs. The depreciation of local currencies against major trading partners added another layer of complexity, making imports more expensive and fueling the upward price momentum.
On the other hand, the supply-side challenges were equally impactful. The quarter saw disruptions due to anticipated plant shutdowns and maintenance activities at key production facilities. These operational pauses, while necessary for long-term productivity, created short-term supply constraints that contributed to the upward price trajectory. Comparative analysis reveals the extent of the price increases. Overall, the quarter-on-quarter percentage change from the preceding quarter in 2024 stood at a significant 5%, underlining the consistent upward movement. The market witnessed a steady drop towards the termination of the quarter witnessing a steady drop in newer orders and purchases for already stocked up inventories. This was further balanced by the overall supply side successfully meeting the arrived inquiries and focusing on destocking strategies as q2 marks its end. As a result, by the end of the quarter, the price of Penicillin G Sodium in the USA had reached USD 42850 per metric ton. This figure encapsulates the culmination of the various factors at play throughout Q2 2024, reflecting a market environment characterized by persistent supply challenges and strong demand dynamics.
Asia Pacific
In Q2 2024, the Asia-Pacific region saw a significant rise in Penicillin G Sodium prices, with a very modest drop in June, balanced by the overall supply side. This increase was driven by several key factors, starting with elevated input costs, including energy, labor, and fermenters. The demand for this crucial antibiotic surged both domestically and internationally, further fueling price hikes. Geopolitical tensions led to logistic challenges and cargo scarcity, tightening supply chains and contributing to higher costs. China, the largest producer and exporter of Penicillin G Sodium, experienced the most significant price fluctuations. The appreciation of the Chinese yuan against the US dollar made Chinese goods more attractive globally, boosting exports but reducing domestic availability. Seasonal demand and scheduled maintenance shutdowns at several manufacturing plants created a supply crunch, driving prices further upward. The overall trend was robust and bullish, with a 5% price increase compared to the previous quarter. The quarter concluded with Penicillin G Sodium priced at USD 39,655 per metric ton, marking a period of substantial price growth driven by strong market demand and supply constraints. This positive pricing environment reflected the intricate dynamics of heightened demand and limited supply within the APAC region.
Europe
In Q2 2024, the European market for Penicillin G Sodium experienced notable price increases, with Germany seeing the most significant fluctuations. The price surge was driven by multiple factors, including high production costs, logistical challenges, and strong local demand. Despite a seasonal decline in consumption due to rising temperatures, demand remained robust, maintaining the overall upward trend. Compared to the previous quarter of the same year, prices saw a substantial increase, and there was a 4% rise. The inflationary pressures were fueled by increased production costs in key manufacturing regions and elevated freight charges. Logistical disruptions, particularly from prolonged shipping route changes around Africa's Cape of Good Hope, exacerbated container shortages and extended delivery times. Additionally, the depreciation of the Euro against the USD raised import costs. The market was further strained by a persistent imbalance between supply and demand, with strong demand from the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors. This bullish market sentiment kept prices high, culminating in the price of Penicillin G Sodium in Germany reaching USD 41410/MT by the end of the quarter. This price environment underscores the impact of sustained demand and ongoing supply-side challenges in the market.
For the Quarter Ending March 2024
North America
The pricing of Penicillin G Sodium in the North American region during Q1 2024 has seen a notable upward trend, driven by various factors. Continuous demand for antibiotics, especially anticipating weather changes, has fueled the ongoing price increase. Cold weather disruptions in transportation and increased storage requirements have raised delivery costs to winter-prone areas. Additionally, seasonal price fluctuations and deliberate manufacturer price hikes during peak demand have intensified the price surge.
Regarding supply, it has remained affected, resulting in a demand-supply imbalance due to robust demand and limited inventories. Escalating freight expenses and disruptions in the Red Sea and the Suez Canal have impeded the smooth flow of goods, contributing to the overall price hike during the quarter. Meanwhile, demand has stayed strong, boosted by increased consumer spending during the holiday season and sustained increases in real wages. Market participants have continued to place bulk orders, especially before extended holidays in exporting nations like China, amplifying demand and subsequently elevating overall prices, amid the continuous surge in freight costs.
Towards the end of March 2024, there was a steady decline in regional quotations for Penicillin G Sodium. Weakened inquiries from end-user sectors led to higher stockpiles among merchants, prompting traders to offer their products at discounted rates to clear inventory before the new quarter. Overall, the pricing environment for Penicillin G Sodium was largely positive, influenced by robust demand, supply chain disruptions, and seasonal factors, with a slight decrease as the quarter closed in March. Specifically in the USA, Penicillin G Sodium prices have risen by 6.07% monthly, reaching USD 41355/MT (USP, FDA) CFR Houston, a notable increase compared to the previous quarter last year.
Asia Pacific
Throughout Q1 2024, the pricing dynamics of Penicillin G Sodium in the APAC region have been subject to various influences, resulting in fluctuating market prices. Overall, the market sentiment has been favorable, buoyed by heightened demand from downstream sectors and robust purchasing activities observed in the overseas market. Notably, the Chinese market experienced an upward trajectory in prices, propelled by sustained output growth and an influx of new orders from international markets. However, this positive momentum faced challenges from trade disruptions and geopolitical tensions, contributing to escalated freight costs and prolonged delivery times. Seasonality has also played a role, with the winter months seeing increased demand for Penicillin G Sodium due to the prevalence of respiratory infections. Consequently, prices have risen as businesses prioritize inventory replenishment. The relationship between demand and prices has remained evident, with higher demand exerting upward pressure on prices. Moreover, fluctuations in the Chinese Yuan against the US dollar have further impacted prices, as international traders capitalize on the lower yuan valuation by purchasing at a continuous rate. Specifically, exporting prices from China have trended positively throughout the quarter, with prices steadily increasing. The latest quarter-ending price for Penicillin G Sodium settled at USD 38,415/MT (USP, FDA) FOB Shanghai. This reflects an overall positive pricing environment driven by heightened demand and market dynamics.
Europe
In Q1 2024, the European Penicillin G Sodium market experienced stability and positive pricing. Increased demand from downstream industries drove higher prices, reflecting sustained buying activity and rising offers. Germany, in particular, has experienced significant price changes during this quarter, primarily driven by strong demand and favorable market sentiment. Additionally, the trading atmosphere has remained stable, with negotiations focused on stability and strategic purchasing. Throughout the quarter, rising Penicillin G Sodium prices have correlated with increasing fuel and freight costs, indicating a tight supply-demand balance and a positive pricing outlook. These higher shipping expenses have compounded challenges for market participants, leading to increased procurement costs. Additionally, the euro's devaluation against the dollar has provided suppliers with an opportunity to trade goods at higher costs, maximizing profit margins. Regarding seasonality, the initial half of the quarter witnessed a steady increase in prices, whereas the latter half remained relatively unchanged. This indicates that the market has achieved equilibrium, with prices stabilizing following the initial upswing. However, as the mid-quarter approached, Penicillin G Sodium prices experienced a gradual decline, leading traders to lower their quotes and reduce imports from exporting nations, particularly APAC. Regional demand during this period was adequately met by existing suppliers. Overall, the first quarter of 2024 in Europe has shown stable and positive pricing trends for Penicillin G Sodium. Strong demand from downstream industries, coupled with rising costs, has propelled prices upward. As the quarter ends, the latest price for Penicillin G Sodium in Germany is USD 40225/MT (USP, FDA) CFR Hamburg, reflecting the sustained demand and positive pricing environment.
For the Quarter Ending December 2023
North America
The fourth quarter of 2023 saw a steady and consistent rise in prices for Penicillin G Sodium in the North American region. One of the primary factors contributing to this price increase was the strong trend in the spot market, which led to speculators increasing their bets. Additionally, increasing supplies from major exporting countries further supported the upward trend in prices. The pharmaceutical industry's recent consolidation and decreased competition in producing pharmaceutical APIs also played a role in pushing up prices. In terms of demand, the quarter witnessed a high level of offtakes from the downstream sector, which contributed to the overall strong market conditions.
However, the market witnessed a modest decrease in the early quarter which was somewhere balanced by overall sufficient supplies among the market participants within the local market. While as November 2023 commences the downstream consumption within the region from the end-user segment surges considerably, contributing to the strong market conditions. This trend continued until the final weeks of December.
Furthermore, the rising cold weather acts as a complicating factor, disrupting the transportation and storage of medications. This, in turn, raises the costs and presents challenges in delivering antibiotics to pharmacies situated in winter-prone areas, contributing to the sustained acceleration in prices. Additionally, seasonal price fluctuations play a significant role in this upward price trend. Looking at the price trend for the USA in the fourth quarter of 2023, Penicillin G Sodium prices were relatively assembled at USD 38715/MT.
Asia Pacific
Penicillin G Sodium observed an upward price trajectory in the APAC region throughout the fourth quarter of 2023 (Oct to Dec). Multiple factors played a role in shaping the market and influencing prices during this period. Primarily, a slight decline in prices was driven by a substantial increase in the production capacity of Penicillin G Sodium over the preceding months. This surge in production led to a surplus of goods among market participants, providing consumers with the advantage of more affordable and readily accessible. Furthermore, there has been a reduction in the export of Penicillin G Sodium, resulting in a higher accumulation of inventory. However, as we moved into November 2023, there was a slight increase in consumers' intent to make purchases both domestically and in foreign markets. The ample inventories held by market participants in the domestic market balanced this rise in demand, as merchants continued their production activity to manage incoming orders from overseas markets. This trend persisted until the final weeks of December, resulting in a continuous month-over-month increment. Consequently, the downstream sector remained actively engaged in procurement activities, fostering a climate of heightened bidding and competitive offers among enterprises. This dynamic interaction significantly influenced the overall market dynamics. Additionally, given China's position as an exporting nation, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium within the country closely mirrored the market trends observed in the preceding months. This alignment resulted in a notable escalation in prices, highlighting the interconnectedness of regional markets and the impact of global factors on pricing dynamics. With this Penicillin G Sodium prices in China were assembled at USD 36700/MT.
Europe
Throughout the fourth quarter of 2023, the pricing dynamics of Penicillin G Sodium in the European region closely mirrored those of other importing regions, notably the USA. Commencing in October 2023, the prices experienced a notable decline, attributed to a substantial decrease in downstream purchasing sentiments and an influx of inquiries from the region. Analysts point out that, from the perspective of overall supply, domestic suppliers and retailers had amassed considerable inventories, anticipating higher production activity witnessed in the preceding month. Moving into November 2023, in line with the overarching market trajectory from the previous month, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium showed a marginal uptick. This improvement in market sentiment was driven by a slight rebound in consumer confidence and the alleviation of global supply chain disruptions, resulting in enhanced material availability. In Germany, a pivotal country within the region, the market maintained a balanced state, featuring adequate supply and a moderate uptick in demand. However, challenges persisted in the manufacturing sector, with the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) signaling a contraction. Despite these hurdles, the price of Penicillin G Sodium in Germany experienced a modest increase, aligning with the broader market trend. Looking ahead, the pricing trend for Penicillin G Sodium in Germany is anticipated to remain optimistic throughout the entirety of December 2023. The cautiously optimistic outlook is driven by factors such as improved market sentiment, increased material availability, and ongoing efforts to address challenges in the manufacturing sector. With this, the latest price of Penicillin G Sodium in Germany for the current quarter is USD 38360/MT.
For the Quarter Ending September 2023
North America
Throughout the third quarter of 2023, North America's Penicillin G Sodium market, particularly in the United States, maintained its optimistic trend. Market analysis by industry experts was supported by data from the US Census Bureau, which indicated a moderate increase in the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for the United States. The PMI rose from 46.3 in June to 49 in July, indicating growth in the manufacturing sector for the second consecutive month. The continuous uptick in antibiotics consumption in downstream sectors such as Healthcare and pharmaceutical was driven by the persistent change in climatic conditions leading to higher chances of bacterial infections across the United States. This increased demand led to a rise in the price of Penicillin G Sodium. Moving into August, regional market participants responded to a strong trend in the spot market for Sodium, prompting them to increase their selling prices. Furthermore, the prices of upstream material remained elevated throughout the entire third quarter of 2023, keeping its demand on the upper side and further supporting the positive market trend for Penicillin G Sodium. Additionally, the escalating energy costs contributed to the overall manufacturing expenses of Penicillin G Sodium, influencing its pricing. Simultaneously, limited supplies from major exporting nations played a significant role in the upward trajectory of Penicillin G Sodium prices, a trend that persisted until the final month of September.
Asia Pacific
Throughout the third quarter of 2023, Penicillin G Sodium prices maintained their upward trajectory. Starting from July 2023, Penicillin G Sodium sustained its positive market trend, staying on the upward trajectory due to consistent growth in domestic demand and increased inquiries from international traders. Furthermore, the occurrence of Typhoon Dokus and the ongoing wet season led to widespread flooding and landslides in China's northeast. This natural disaster affected the operational activities, resulting in a lessened availability of products with persistent rising domestic and overseas inquiries. Moving into August, the business environment in China finally showed signs of improvement. Consumer prices in China returned to positive territory, easing deflationary pressures and indicating economic stabilization. This positive trend marked the first time in the past five months that both output and new orders increased. Demand from the food and personal care industries remained high, leading to a slight reduction in inventory levels. Additionally, in September 2023, the overall price trend for Penicillin G Sodium was further influenced by the steadily increasing costs in the upstream market. While the depreciation of the Chinese yuan against the US dollar kept the exporting prices on the northerly side, this further fuelled the optimistic market trend for Penicillin G sodium throughout Q3
Europe
Throughout the entire third quarter of 2023, the demand for Penicillin G Sodium in the German pharmaceutical and medical sectors saw a consistent increase. As consumer requirements for Penicillin G Sodium continued to rise, industry players swiftly secured their supplies, presenting traders with an opportunity to sell their goods at higher prices and maximize profits. Another contributing factor to the positive market trend for Penicillin G Sodium was the substantial rise in the prices of its upstream components throughout the quarter. Manufacturers responded by increasing their stock levels, anticipating heightened demand for antibiotics in the upcoming months due to seasonal variations. Additionally, manufacturing units focused on destocking at an accelerated pace to accommodate the upcoming Golden Week holidays. Furthermore, the market atmosphere remained robust, with traders consistently replenishing their inventories and acquiring Penicillin G Sodium at higher prices in US dollars. This was partly influenced by the depreciation of the Euro against the USD and the rising cost of energy and fuel throughout the month of September 2023.
For the Quarter Ending June 2023
North America
Across the North American region, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium demonstrate a mixed price trajectory throughout the second quarter of 2023. At the beginning of the second quarter, the values of ofloxacin surged at a moderate level as the demand from downstream healthcare sectors increased slightly. However, the demand was successfully balanced by the availability of overall inventories among the merchants. Compared to the previous first quarter, the prices surged until the middle of Q2, dropping again as June concludes. Apart from that, the decline in gas prices and core inflation contributed to the US optimistic market trend in April. The positive trend for several sectors, including pharmaceutical excipients and the APIs, was also aided by improved trade momentum, which led to better commerce, a decline in ocean freight costs, and an ongoing increase in consumer demand until the end of May. Moreover, as July concludes, the prices declined steadily across the US market as inquiries from the domestic market were not enough for merchants to place newer orders. Also, change in climatic conditions, such as hotter weather in some regions while colder in others, let them destock their accumulated stocks and place orders on a need basis. With this, the prices for Penicillin G Sodium across the US market were assembled at USD 37515/MT CFR Houston.
Asia Pacific
The price of Penicillin G Sodium, an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, during the second quarter, demonstrated a zig-zag market sentiment throughout the second quarter of 2023. As with the beginning of April, Following the market sentiment of the previous month, the price for Penicillin G Sodium decreased. Consumption in the domestic market remained weak in April, while inquiries from the international market improved slightly. The PMI for manufacturing decreased in April from 51.9 to 49.2, below the 50-mark that separates monthly growth from contraction, as market participants had enough inventory to meet the total arrived demand for the month. This was the lowest level of the index since the second half of last year when China started to recover from the pandemic. As the supply started to decrease in May, the manufacturers started to restock the shelves. Suppliers and retailers also sold their finished products at a higher price than usual, which supported the upward price trend for the month of May. Penicillin G sodium ended its Q2-2023 quarter on the weaker side, with feeble demand combined with higher inventory levels again. The price was recorded at $35000 /MT FOB Shanghai in China.
Europe
For the whole second quarter, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium depict a parallel market trend as that of the United States. The prices sustained an upward trend until May while dropping significantly as the quarter ended. April’s price trend was supported by consistent demand balanced with continuous manufacturing activities and supplies among the merchants. While as May 2023 approached, the prices continued to demonstrate an upward trend. This price trend was attributed to the easy availability of downstream Penicillin G Sodium at lower prices than usual from exporting nations such as China, one of the significant exporters of Penicillin G Sodium. However, as June approached, the prices went down steadily, maintaining a steady demand-supply balance within their region. Geopolitical tensions between Russia and Ukraine had a negative impact on supply chains, which was further exacerbated by higher energy prices. This affected businesses and consumers, resulting in a decrease in economic activity. Another major problem facing the German economy is the increasing cost of energy. Germany is heavily dependent on imported energy, and the rising energy prices are affecting businesses and consumers. In total, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium at the end of the second quarter were assembled at US$ 36645 / MT CFR Hamburg.
For the Quarter Ending March 2023
North America
Penicillin G Sodium prices in North America increased throughout the first quarter as a result of a solid market sentiment that began to emerge for the drug across the USA in early January and persisted through the end of February as a result of consistent orders from domestic consumers. Additionally, traders encountered the most expensive import from China due to the Chinese currency's appreciation against the US dollar, which increased by nearly 3% in just January alone and kept prices moving upward. Additionally, steady orders from the end-user market helped to maintain the market trend for Penicillin G Sodium through the end of this quarter. As a result, Penicillin G Sodium prices declined at the end of this quarter, reaching a settlement of USD 43110 /MT in the United States.
APAC
As the first quarter of 2023 comes to an end, Penicillin G Sodium prices in the APAC region, particularly in China, show an increasing trend. Penicillin G Sodium prices rose significantly in January as a result of the high demand from the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. The end-user markets on both the domestic and global markets technically resumed on a bullish note with an increase in orders. Correspondingly, until February, market sentiments in China remained improved, primarily due to expectations of rising demand from downstream industries. Further, towards the termination of Q1, the cost of Penicillin G Sodium went down at a moderate rate and was settled at USD 39120/MT in China.
Europe
In the first quarter of 2023, the penicillin G sodium market trends in Europe followed the trend of Asia Pacific. The market trend began on a healthy note and remained persisted until the mid of Q1. Early in January, Penicillin G Sodium prices in Germany increased rapidly as a result of an uptick in market sentiment. Additionally, German consumer prices improved in February more than anticipated due to lower inflation and lower energy prices, gradually increasing consumer confidence. Improved trade activity also contributed to the first quarter of 2023's first quarter's positive market sentiments. As a result, the price of Penicillin G Sodium in the German Market was assembled at USD 47120/MT in Germany.
For the Quarter Ending December 2022
North America
The Penicillin G Sodium market started on a positive attitude and ended on a weaker side within the North American region during the final quarter of 2022. The increased end-user demand from the pharmaceutical sector and a lack of supply from the providers have immensely contributed upsurged price trend of Penicillin G Sodium in the United States. Additionally, the geopolitical tension between Russia-Ukraine, healthy consumer interest, and protracted supply disruption have further aided this price enhancement in the US. However, following mid-q4, Supply chain disruption decreased rapidly over the six months to November and appeared to be stabilized, across multiple measures, including shipping prices. With this, the cost of Penicillin G Sodium was recorded at USD 43205/MT CFR Houston in the United States.
Asia Pacific
Prices for Penicillin G Sodium began to rise at the beginning of October 2022 throughout the Asia Pacific region, most notably in China and ended on a bearish note due to an increase in demand. Ongoing zero COVID policies and disrupted trade activities additionally supported the market sentiments of Penicillin G sodium within the Chinese market. With this, the cost of Penicillin G Sodium was displayed at USD 38205/MT FOB Shanghai. In addition, prices began to decline sharply at the beginning of December 2022 on the back of increasing Covid infections in China, which had considerably affected the price trends of Penicillin G Sodium.
Europe
Prices for Penicillin G sodium in the European region during the fourth quarter followed a similar trend to those in the US. Due to the domestic market's somewhat skewed downstream demand up until the middle of the fourth quarter, prices stayed on the higher side, with the settlement at USD 47255/MT CFR Hamburg. Moreover, with a sudden surge in COVID-19 cases in the Chinese market, the trade flow between Europe and China started to get slower. The current economic challenge with the conclusion of the fourth quarter did, however, cause the demand for goods and services from the end-user industry to remain subdued. Additionally, lower consumer spending habits supported this unfavorable market attitude.
For the Quarter Ending September 2022
North America
The prices of Penicillin G Sodium witnessed in the United States commenced on a weaker note during the first half of the third quarter, which was followed till the mid of Q3, and it got settled at USD 38260/MT CFR Houston. This price trend was supported by the weaker demand from the end-user pharmaceutical sector. Local vendors had enough stockpiled inventories to meet the overall demand side. Furthermore, halted trading momentum from the exporting countries, particularly China. Further, towards the termination of Q3, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium skyrocketed with a percentage of 6.01 and were assessed at USD 40560/MT CFR Houston in the United States.
APAC
In the Asia Pacific region, the prices of Penicillin G Sodium showcased an incremented trend during the third quarter of 2022. Offtake from various downstream pharmaceutical sectors was one of the important factors driving the prices of Penicillin G Sodium API in the Chinese market. Moreover, the prices were reduced during the H1 of the third quarter owing to weaken demand from end-user sectors. The prices rose significantly in China, with the settlement of USD 36560 /MT FOB Shanghai at the end of the third quarter. China being the major exporter of API, disrupted climatic conditions, admitted of Hurricane, halted production activities affected the overall trading activities, which in turn supported the price value of Penicillin G Sodium in the region.
Europe
The European region witnessed an upward pricing trajectory during the third Quarter of 2022. The prices increased significantly owing to incremented downstream demand from various end-user Pharmaceutical enterprises. Initially, the prices went down in July 2022, which then inclined significantly during the mid-q3 till the end of the third quarter. Furthermore, halted manufacturing activities, disrupted trading momentum, and climatic changes from China, one of the significant exporters, affected the overall market sentiments of Penicillin G Sodium in Germany. Overall, the prices displayed for Penicillin G sodium towards the end of September were assessed at USD 45576/MT CFR Hamburg.
For the Quarter Ending June 2022
North America
Penicillin G Sodium witnessed mixed pricing sentiments in the North American region during the second Quarter of 2022, backed by its reduced downstream demand from various end-user enterprises leading to sufficient inventories with the suppliers. Amidst the Covid pandemic in China's various states, including Shanghai and Beijing, the temporary shutdown of manufacturing units and US imports from China significantly affects the sentiments of the Penicillin G Sodium market. Furthermore, with the onset of Q2 the prices increased for Penicillin Sodium in the domestic market due to which the local merchants increased their stocks capacity. With the ending of first half of q2 the prices started to decline owing to weaken demand which resulted in the stockpiling of inventories with the suppliers. The price in the second quarter of Penicillin G Sodium were settled at USD 39140/MT CFR Houston.
Asia Pacific
The market trend for Penicillin G sodium exhibited a negative price sentiment in the second quarter of 2022, backed by demand from the downstream pharmaceutical sector that remained at a slower pace. China – the world's largest producer of Penicillin G Sodium, restrictions in trading activity and delayed shipment affect the price value for Penicillin in importing countries. Moreover, the reduced downstream demand caused a reduction in the manufacturing process leading to stockpiled inventories for the API with the traders. Muted logistic activity by China’s ineffective zero-tolerance rule & limitations affected the price of Penicillin G Sodium in the market. The price in the second quarter of Penicillin G Sodium went down in China's FOB Shanghai with the settlement of USD 34550/MT FOB Shanghai.
Europe
Penicillin G Sodium prices followed similar market sentiments in its price in Europe during the second quarter of 2022 as compared with the North American region as the demand went down from various downstream sectors. Traders had sufficient inventories with the expectation of higher demand, and the prices fell. The demand reduction forced the Suppliers to reduce their Profit margin to destock their inventories in the market. Also, the weakened trading environment led to stockpiling of shipments and rerouting activities amid the Russian-Ukraine continual war affecting the price trajectory of Penicillin G Sodium in the importing countries. The price in the second quarter of Penicillin G Sodium went down in Germany with the settlement of USD 43940/MT CFR Hamburg.
